What kind of losses appear as heat due to hysteresis and eddy currents in a transformer?

The correct answer is that iron losses occur in a transformer due to hysteresis and eddy currents. Iron losses refer to the energy that is lost as heat in the core material of the transformer when it is subjected to alternating magnetic fields.

Hysteresis loss arises from the magnetic material’s resistance to changes in magnetization. Every time the magnetic field changes direction, the magnetic domains within the core material realign, which consumes energy and results in heat.

Eddy current losses, on the other hand, are induced currents that circulate within the conductive core material as a result of the changing magnetic field. These currents generate heat as they pass through the resistance of the core material.

Both of these losses are critical to the efficiency of transformers, as they contribute to heat generation and can impact performance if not properly managed through design and materials. Other types of losses mentioned, such as copper losses which occur in the windings due to resistance, or dielectric losses which are associated with insulating materials, do not specifically result from the magnetic properties of the core, making iron losses the correct classification for the heat losses due to hysteresis and eddy currents in this context.