What impact can fault currents have on electrical infrastructure?

Fault currents can cause extensive damage to electrical infrastructure. When a fault occurs, such as during a short circuit, an abnormal surge of electricity flows through the system. This excessive flow can generate high thermal and mechanical stress on conductors, equipment, and protective devices.

The heat produced by the fault current can result in overheating, which can damage insulation, conductors, and other components of the system. Additionally, the mechanical forces from these high currents can physically stress equipment, leading to structural failure or damage of circuit breakers, transformers, and switchgear.

In essence, effective protection mechanisms must be in place to detect and isolate faults quickly to mitigate the damage that can arise from these fault currents. The potential for damage underscores the need for careful design, monitoring, and maintenance of electrical systems to ensure their reliability and safety.