From which materials are conductors typically made?

Conductors are typically made from materials that have high electrical conductivity, which allows electricity to flow through them with minimal resistance. Copper and aluminum are the most commonly used materials for electrical conductors due to their excellent conductive properties and relatively lightweight characteristics.

Copper is well-regarded for its superior conductivity and is widely used in wiring, electrical systems, and electronics. Aluminum, while less conductive than copper, is still a highly effective conductor and has the advantage of being lighter and less expensive, making it an ideal choice for power lines and overhead power distribution.

Other materials mentioned, such as gold or silver, do have high conductivity, but their cost and practicality limit their use in most applications. Steel and iron are good for structural purposes and serve well in certain applications, like grounding or supporting lines, but they are not effective as electrical conductors due to their higher resistance. Plastics and rubber are insulators and therefore unsuitable for conducting electricity. Thus, the choice of copper and aluminum reflects both efficiency and economic viability in electrical conductor applications.